How close we are to fully self-sufficient artificial intelligence. Interesting Engineering. https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-close-we-are-to-fully-self-sufficient-artificial-intelligence

• Short consumer-level article discussing our approach to achieving true Artificial General Intelligence, or an AI that can adapt to solve any problem we present it with. Includes a link to 10 essential TED talks on AI.

5 companies that want to Track your emotions. Fortune.

https://fortune.com/2020/08/22/emotion-sensing-tracking-technology-apps/

• This article looks at 5 different companies that specialize in measuring emotions to mitigate the mental health crisis. Some of them use biofeedback to measure and be aware of their emotions and try to process them while others use biomarkers like heart rate to detect emotions, all backed by different studies.

Wei, J., Tay, Y., Bommasani, R., Raffel , C., Zoph, B., Borgeaud, S., Yogatama, D., Bosma, M., Zhou, D., Metzler, D., Chi, E. H., Hashimoto, T., Vinyals, O., Liang, P., Dean, J., & Fedus, W. (2022). Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models. Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.07682

• Scaling up language models has been shown to predictably improve performance and sample efficiency on a wide range of downstream tasks. This paper instead discusses an unpredictable phenomenon that we refer to as emergent abilities of large language models. We consider an ability to be emergent if it is not present in smaller models but is present in larger models. Thus, emergent abilities cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models. The existence of such emergence raises the question of whether additional scaling could potentially further expand the range of capabilities of language models.

Choi, C. Q. (2023, March 29). Dendrocentric ai could run on Watts, not megawatts. IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://spectrum.ieee.org/dendrocentric-learning

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  This article discusses the potential for artificial intelligence to run on the power drawn from a smartphone battery rather than the cloud by using electronics that mimic the dendrites of neural networks. The author proposes a way for AI systems to reduce their energy and space demands, by sending fewer signals while conveying more information through emulating dendrites. This approach, called "dendrocentric learning," could lead to powerful AIs that require fewer resources to operate.

Heath, N. (2023, April 21). What is machine learning? Everything you need to know. In M. Diaz (Ed.), What is AI? Here's everything you need to know about artificial intelligence. ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-ai-heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-artificial-intelligence/

• This article is a useful guide that explores fascinating developing artificial intelligence technologies, and explains what machine learning is, how it is related to artificial intelligence, how it works and why it matters.

Rutgers University. (2022, November 2). In the latest human vs. machine match, artificial intelligence wins by a hair: A protein scientist, who competed against a computer program, says machine learning will advance biotechnology. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221102164140.htm

• The article explores a fascinating experiment; scientist Vikas Nanda from Rutgers University participated in a competition between human expertise and an artificial intelligence (AI) program to predict successful protein combinations. The results, published in Nature Chemistry, showed that the AI program narrowly outperformed the human experts. Protein self-assembly is of great interest to researchers as it has implications for medical and industrial advancements. This study highlights the potential of machine learning to overcome human biases and provides insights into the complex nature of protein behavior.

Ozmen Garibay, O., Winslow, B., Andolina, S., Antona, M., Bodenschatz, A., Coursaris, C., ... & Xu, W. (2023). Six Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Grand Challenges. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-47.

• This paper outlines the importance on having AI designed with humans best interest in mind and the predicaments that follow it. Without focusing on humans best interest, AI will enhance discriminatory policies and mass misinformation. The researchers argue that AI will not eclipse human creativity and therefore should work with the technology for the best outcomes. The main issues AI has comes from data collection, design, and use of the technology. The authors articulates that AI must have checks on it through each stage of the process from serious government infrastructure to transparency by developers.

M. M. Islam, S. Siddiqua and J. Afnan, "Real time Hand Gesture Recognition using different algorithms based on American Sign Language," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Imaging, Vision & Pattern Recognition (icIVPR), 2017, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICIVPR.2017.7890854. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7890854

• This paper represents a real-time HGR system based on American Sign Language (ASL) recognition with greater accuracy. This system acquires gesture images of ASL with black background from mobile video camera for feature extraction. In the processing phase, the system extracts five features such as fingertip finder, eccentricity, elongatedness, pixel segmentation and rotation.

Papastratis I, Chatzikonstantinou C, Konstantinidis D, Dimitropoulos K, Daras P. Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Sign Language. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Aug 30;21(17):5843. doi: 10.3390/s21175843. PMID: 34502733; PMCID: PMC8434597. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5843

• This survey provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods in sign language capturing, recognition, translation and representation, pinpointing their advantages and limitations. In addition, the survey presents a number of applications, while it discusses the main challenges in the field of sign language technologies.