Exploratorium_8.1.1
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Direct Brain Interfaces
- DB Input - into Brain

Annotated Bibliography

Category
  • Visions of the Future
    • PAST Visions of the Future
  • Input
    • using Text
    • using Pointing Devices
    • using eyes
    • using Voice or Sign
    • using Machine Vision
    • using 1D Continuous Controls
    • using 2D to 6D Continuous Controls
    • using Gestures on a Surface (2D)
    • using Gestures in 3-space
    • Unique Combinations of Input Devices
    • Enhancing/Accelerating Input
  • Sensing (by device)
    • Biological
    • Mechanisms for Sensing
    • Environmental
    • Virtual sensors
    • Other
  • Output
    • to Visual sense
    • to Tactile or Pain sense
    • as Language (speech, text, sign-lang)
    • to Auditory sense
    • to Directly Activate/Control user
  • Altering/Enhancing Sensory Input
    • what is Seen
    • Translating Between Senses
  • Direct Brain Interfaces
    • Unique Combinations of DBI types
    • Mechanisms for Direct Brain Interfaces
    • DB Output, to Control or Project
    • DB Input - into Brain
    • Direct Brain Monitoring
  • Virtual & Augmented Reality (xR)
    • Mechanisms for AR/VR/xR
    • Uses of AR/VR/xR
  • Uses of AI
    • to Enhance Input
    • as Assistant (voice, text, etc.)
    • to Enhance/Adapt Output
    • to Enhance Sensing
    • Other uses of AI in interfaces
  • Accessibility + Digital Divide
    • Accessibility & HCI
    • Digital Divide - Digital Affinity
    • Digital Divide - Disability
  • Other
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COPY currently shown bibliography

Fernández, E., Alfaro, A., Soto-Sánchez, C., Gonzalez-Lopez, P., Lozano, A. M., Peña, S., ... & Normann, R. A. (2021). Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. The Journal of clinical investigation, 131(23). [cited Sep 28] Available from: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/151331?s=09

  • Researchers implanted an intracortical microelectrode array consisting of 96 electrodes in the visual cortex of a 57-year-old person with complete blindness for a 6-month period, Over the course of the study, the participant became able to identify phosphenes in a certain space. By the end of the study, when the team simultaneously stimulated up to 16 electrodes in different patterns, the participant was able to identify multiple letters and even tell the difference between some uppercase and lowercase letters.

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